Cylinder head for internal-combustion engines



Oct. 14, 1930. .1. BUCHANAN CYLINDER HEAD FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Aug. 4, 1927 INVENTOR JAMES BUCHANAN ATTORNE Patented Oct. 14, 1930 UNITED STATES JAMES BUCHANAN, OF NEW WESTMINSTER, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA CYLINDER HEAD FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES Application filed August 4, 1927. Serial No. 210,637.

My invention relates to improvements in cylinder heads for internal combustion engines the objects of which are to provide means whereby the fuel consumption of the engine is materially reduced and the fuel used is so completely divided as to promote perfect combustion in the compression space of the cylinder. A further and very important object is to provide a means of utilizing the fuel and air required for its combustion for the purpose of cooling the cylinder head.

The invention consists essentially of a cylinder head divided into a plurality of chambers through which air is admitted for cooling purposes and also for admixture to the fuel vapour and for water jacketing of the inlet and exhaust pockets, one of which chambers is provided with a control valve '20 for admitting the air to the inlet valve chamber as will be more fully described in the following specification, in which Fig. 1 is a section taken on the line 11 of Figure 2.

Fig. 2 is a section taken on the line 2-2 of Figure 1.

Fig. 3 is a section taken on the line 83 of Figure 2.

In the drawings like characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in each figure.

The numeral 1 indicates an engine cylinder having walls 2, a water jacket 3 and upon the upper extremity of such walls a cylinder head, generally indicated by the numeral 4 is secured by studs 5. The cylinder head 4: is preferably formed of two parts 6 and 7 fastened together by studs 8 or other suitable means. The part 6 is provided with a pair of valves 9 and 10 which are operated in any desired manner, the valve 9 being an inlet valve and the valve 10 being an exhaust valve, both of which communicate with the compression space of the cylinder 1.

The numeral 11 indicates a water jacket extending from one side of the head to the other and substantially surrounding the pockets through which the stems 12 and 13 50 pass, the jacket being provided with ports 14 communicating with the water jacket 3 of the cylinder 1. A chamber 15 is formed in the cylinder head which is provided preferably with a plurality of radiating fins 16 extending upwards to within a short distance of the top wall 17 of the head. This chamber is provided in its side walls 18 with a plurality of apertures 19'thr0ugh which air isadapted to enter the head, pass-over the fins 16 and flow through a passage 20 extending into the head portion 7 I which communicates with the inlet valve port 21. The passage 20 is separated from the inlet valve port 21 by a division wall 22 having a valve seat 23 against which an automatically operated conical headed valve 24 is adapted to close. This valve being provided with a conical head permits of the flow of air entering the port 21 to be increased or decreased in direct proportion to the movement "of its plunger.

The numeral 25 indicates an exhaust port communicating through the exhaust valve 10 with the cylinder 1, which is suitably connected to the exhaust pipe 26. Under the portion 7 of the cylinder head 4 and formed integrally therewith so that reasonable heat is maintained therein during normal running periods, is a small fuel chamber indicated by the numeral 27. Fuel is supplied to this chamber from a float feed chamber 28, see Figure 3, or other suitable source of supply, through a pipe 29, which fuel naturally rises to a temperature substantially equal to that of the cylinder head portion ,7 and becomes highly volatile in consequence, the fuel then flows through a pipe 30 which terminatesin a jet 31 extending into the inlet valve port 21, the outlet from which jet is controlled by a threaded valve needle.

32 extending downwards through the top wall 17 and into the port 21. Between the jet 81 and the inlet valve 9 a butterfly valve 33 is provided which is actuated in any desired manner.

Having thus described the several parts of my invention I will now briefly explain its function.

The valve 33 is set as desired when starting the engine, the suction stroke of the engine during which time the inlet valve 9 is open, produces a suction causing the valve 24 to open thereby admitting air across the mouth of the jet'31, withdrawing therefrom a suitable spray of fuel which becomes mixed and'broken up into fine division by the air I entering the cylinder through the apertures {19,t'he passage 20 and the inlet valve'port 21. As the engine becomes heated to a suitable 10 ieesoe tiont etabse by h s head 4 is transmitted in part to the air as it passes over the fins. :16"and along the'various surfaces of the head and its ports and passages, thus causing a morescom lete division ofthe fuel drawn ofi' fromthe jet 31, which Y results in a greater 'amount of energy trans- I inittledibyjthe engine from a given quantity of fuel than by the generally accepted "methodfof vaporizing fuel from a carbumister Theengine speed is controlled by the "-"fop ening orclosing ofthe valve 33 regulating V "thefdelivery ofv fuel to the cylinder; head. It will readily be seen that by this method ,5 f heating the fuel, to the temperature of the ga ley ind'e'r head and of bringing it to a state of high division with airiat a similart'e'm- Iper'ature, that complete combustion is 'pro- 'ihoted andfin 'consequenceiio carbonis deosited'uponthefcylinder walls even'thoughf V '30 ii'els havingalow flash point are used. 'Whatl claim'as my invention is: I en gi fe equipped with a cylinder head ,fion eawith an internal air heating cham- .fber and provided with air admission open- '35"in'gs placing said chamber-in c ommunication with the atmosphere, a port formed in {said headand provided with an airinlet for .j-receiving heated air from said chamber, a 7' v a-lye controlling communication between;

40 said port. and the engine cylinder, a fuel supply conduit connnunicating with said 7 Y Y portat acpoint between the airinlet and said valve;,-a waterjacket formed in said head-in i heat interchanging relation with the "valve T coi'itrolledv portion ofsai-d port whereby said valve is subjected to the cooling influenceof hotl the Water jacket and the'air flow through the heating chamber, and fins extending frl'omisaid port to the circumferential wall septum; cylinder head and arranged to be itraversed by the air' passing inwardly through-the air admission opening of the :airheating chamber formed in said head. 4 ated at Vancouver, B. 0., this 19th day h s: July, 1927. V

JAMESBUCHANAN. 

